Li Bingyan Northern Development and Reform lecturer (a)

 Li Bingyan Northern Lecture: Human Development and Reform
(2007.4.7)
Li Bingyan:
students Good evening, I am pleased to accept your invitation to do an academic exchanges. I speak on the topic today Marxism does know how to read a little more original, the original comparison difficult, but we can use some of his views. today I speak of Marx's theory, so this NPC to write is right. So The prosperity it, I recently in Economic Science Press published a monograph called forum, impact, because it is in real life to our questions, twenty-eight years of reform and opening up, a huge increase in material wealth, our lives are improved; the other hand, the gap between rich and poor people is increasing large, the Gini coefficient of 0.47, a statistics close to 0.5, very dangerous, more than the international warning line, the wealth disparity everywhere. in our capital city Beijing such a large, often have a lot of street beggar, stretching start, but went a man shaking his head a shake his head, and occasionally a man to give him money, very poor. Is this phenomenon we should do? common prosperity on the agenda again.
so on reform, we how to take the reform in the end, is able to achieve common prosperity? So now I turn to the issue of reform. I have a lot of work online you can check my books and papers, about two dozen monographs, you can see me papers. there is a recently published book called currently a hot issue, so very willing to communicate with the students. I do great as in the central fiscal doctoral supervisor, professor at the Jiangsu Provincial Party School, and my Master Instructor Theory of Economic Reform in China pioneer Zhuojiong. Mr. Zhuojiong the early sixties the socialist commodity economy put forward the theory of the socialist market economic theory, I basically inherited the mentor of learning. I have long-term capital theory, of a socialist economy. I am the great and the Central Finance PhD student, major is political economics, research direction is to the socialist market economic theory.
I said the first question, is Marx's theory of the free development of a comprehensive point of view.
the Marx's theory of Marxism the middle of an important part of the important and basic Marxist principles. We practice of reform and opening up the theory of Marxism, there is a significant theoretical and practical significance. I have come before, in Nanjing to attend an international academic seminar, the theme of this academic conference called that attended the meeting from beginning to end. Here the first gives an inspiration, he studied in Japan known as the Marx of to the theory, construction of a new discipline called This economic growth, does not attach importance to people. Later we Chinese have in recent years, a new discipline called the development of future generations without sacrificing the interests of the conditions, to ensure that the interests of future generations, is that we can continue to develop, called sustainable development. made the economics of sustainable development is a huge step forward. However, compared to the Sustainable Development Economics human development economics is not enough, China has not scholars of human development economics, so in this respect, in the application of Marx's theory of human development, academic research should be said that we are lagging behind in Japan. But you know Japan is a capitalist country, we are a socialist country with Chinese characteristics, we are lagging behind in theoretical research. So this meeting was held in Nanjing, we propose a task, how to create a Development Economics full and free development of the individual is the basic principle of socialist society, where this passage? In Marx's for capital, he pointed out that the comprehensive development of a socialist society free basic principle, he said so. that the capitalists who, as the capital, his motive is not a use value and enjoy, but have more exchange value and the exchange value of the constant value, which is the objective for creating the material conditions of a socialist society. capitalists fanatical pursuit of value added, for the production of human beings with impunity and force production, the development of social productive forces from the material conditions of their creative production, and Only in this way conditions for a more advanced, everyone's full and free development of the basic principles of social forms to create basis in reality. This is the original words of Marx, Marx's original words difficult to understand the profound. I explain that Marx stresses capitalist society, capitalists out of his instincts, a residual value of capital is the value to the value of the value of proliferation, which are constantly proliferating, it is endless. then he is called the production of all mankind for him , to produce and production, not to people, it is the objective of productive forces of capitalist development, and development of productive forces it to create material conditions for the socialist society. And what a socialist society look like? Marx used to define the word, ; is everyone's full and free development of society principles. Marx Capital Volume I talked about, talked about the same in other places such a view. then put forward the idea of what we mean? sense for us to say, we want to build socialism, what for the final standard to see if people can contribute to the development of a comprehensive and free.
second question I said, is to promote each person's full and free development of the basic principles of China's reform.
then we have to building a socialist society, we present economic system reform, political reform, social reform, the reform of the criteria we judge it? this to the standard of Marxism. This comprehensive reform of the free development of each person is the promotion or regression? If a particular reform, the development of our people played a catalytic role, that is success. If a particular reform of our people not only failed to promote him to develop, rather than development of the people a step backwards, and shrinking, and that is a failure. Russia a decade ago, reform: radical reform advocated by neo-liberalism, the collapse of the Soviet Communist Party, the Soviet Union, the Russian people about the average life expectancy shortened by 8 years of life are shortened or the all-round development? that this is backwards. I the year before last summer to Russia to visit and see the total assessment of Russia it is 90,91 in the matter, I guess it is back now for two decades the whole society was pushed back two decades. So up to now has not reached the level of 90 years, that is, their so-called radical production level before the reform, the production suffered enormous damage. the living conditions of residents consumption level is not high, their stores there to two things, one is a beer bread, nothing else, arts and crafts sets her on a very monotonous.
we are engaged in the Personnel Department, an expert expedition twenty individuals, it is cost , and to Russia, those of us who sit down to eat, the stomach enough to eat in Russia, Russia, the so-called Russian dishes is a little much meat chicken, vegetables and betel leaves, this thing is unpalatable, but also enough to eat, each person eat bowl overturned, saying it is very funny. to China do not eat it. on the border to see what things? border saw the Russian women are carrying, and holding a very large pocket, there is something it? shipped from China to Russia, China's textile, clothing, pants, sweaters, down jackets, etc., there is a shortage of consumer goods, however, can also be seen on the side of the road tanks, artillery, military industry is still very strong. < br> Vladivostok and do not have building roads, potholed, without a new road, not a new house, building. happened to the summer that year I met in Dalian, where the tour a bit in Dalian, Dalian is a very successful international Beach tourist city, all is new, people are really many, are to travel. There seafood, there are rich marine world, play areas and more. Vladivostok and Dalian, the location is about the same with us, natural harbor, but now Vladivostok is deserted, the streets full of old, not a new building, take the car on the road do not like our country, many of our new car, the number of private cars. Vladivostok car full of old cars, the most modern South Korea's second-hand car. I asked the tour guide to Russia, said: a dozen people, outside to look good, like you can, the air is bad, suffocated us in August, air conditioning, how to do bad? open up the window open, had the misfortune, and to Russia suffer, and nausea dead. but one thing to go on the road, you either have to wear the zebra crossing the road or not is to take over from the zebra crossing, you people will let you past that car, the Russian car people. Then I had one wish, I say in the country if we want to have the zebra crossing, cars do whatever you drove up. This reflects the high degree of cultural qualities of the Russian people, Russian people is a great nation, and so out of the great writer Leo Tolstoy, Russian level of education, culture the degree of moral reservations of these I'm afraid a good tradition. they should be recognized that this is a profound experience to Russia.
how Russia's reform will mess it look like? how daunting it? that the Russian reforms, OK? neo-liberal reforms, he is shock therapy. Among other things, the reform is over he caused a great deal of unemployment, then the new government came to power, the old rubles rubles new ones is a new ruble is equal to one thousand old rubles. is you a thousand dollars in the bank, after the reform is to become a dollar, has fallen by a thousand times, what has brought benefits to the people? we Chinese can not go the way Russia, do not day thousand dollars to change our bank a dollar, so a little savings we have, we can not stand. Russia is a neo-liberal reforms, the United States has called Sachs economists designed a program called ;, in fact, full privatization is a failure. So all of Russia's reform is a failure. This is simply the standard, we look at human development from a positive or negative role in the role? The facts are quite clear that Russian society in the back. We see it out of the Russian people buy things when scenes of black bread. Our reform in China, twenty-eight years should be said that the reform of the first to admit that we have made great achievements changing the face of China, China enhance the development of strength in the early reform should be said that the people we are very support of agricultural reform and boost our agriculture, and farmers contract is a success. state-owned enterprise reform to break the big pot of Trade Unions, with the prize money. But China reforms to the late nineties of the last century have also been some of the effects of neo-liberalism.
neo-liberalism is an international monopoly capitalist class to defend their interests as a theory and an ideology, it came against the old liberalism, called neo-liberalism, represented by Hayek and Friedman, as well as Coase and others, Friedman had just died recently. They have a lot of theoretical work is a huge lot of paper summed up in three points . A point is a comprehensive market; second important point is to say government does not interfere, non-regulation of; third element full privatization. what is it regarded the market, commercialization; non-regulation of that is inherited from Adam Smith view that government market economy, the Government not to interfere, how economic development? automatically adjust the law of value is an invisible hand, automatic adjustment of economic operation, the Government should not control, do not interfere with the government doing? is like night watchman to prevent wolf to eat something on the line. is a small government, big market this view you heard? that way. then the third point is very clear, all reform must get rid of socialism, is a comprehensive privatization , the privatization of state-owned enterprises to sell, sell hospitals, schools, sell, full privatization, all of the market. Hospital was originally to serve you, and now hospital market, commercial, medical price increases, improved surgery, registered fee increase, overall market; had compulsory education the state money, the government no matter, then what is to come back a market-oriented, high charges. So this reform is a late 90's by the influence of these concepts, introduced some measures, resulting result is that the majority of the people of coverage health care reform, education reform, the so-called education industry is the commercialization of education, the principal do? principals boss enclosure, school fees, we charge sponsorship fees, in addition to tuition fees have to pay tens of thousands of dollars , what the school sponsorship fee. you know, support the school construction money, the money raised to go to school, so that it came to school together a lot of money, to bank loans, building three new building enclosure over twenty-three thousands of acres. industry after a practice it, do? industry earned a lot of money out. This reform enables us poor people workers, peasants, children not afford school fees, many people not afford school fees. We admitted to each university to see media reports, the children of farmers not to go without school fees, sponsorship and the media telling everyone to support him to go to school, education, industry makes a large number of workers in this reform, the poor peasant child not afford school fees. < br> housing reform turned out to be housing allocation, housing, not money, was the reform of the market, the commercialization of the future does the government come out with the real estate developers to join forces to rise to the price, and then use the market-oriented operation , the building sold to you I am afraid to ten thousand a Beijing square, right? you bought a couple hundred to a million square meters of houses, but also where to year? month, the couple earned a three or four thousand dollars, out of the room rate is also more than two thousand pieces, and now you have a popular Beijing, then called , right? health care reform to the people of coverage, right? education reform so that our young people to afford to go school, right? then they would reflect on whether these reforms the Marxist point of view, is to promote the development of the people . and our state-owned enterprise reform, there are over fifty million laid-off workers, unemployment, the total loss of state assets, four trillion, then that state-owned enterprise reform, private fertilizer, MBA reform is the so-called management buyout. turned out to be director, manager, sent the country, and it is a paid result, overnight he became the owner of the assets, this plant is his, and several people share each of tens of millions of millions. look up the rich the other workers were laid off. This state-owned enterprises do to promote human development? use this measure to clear. So it is not whether to use Marxism, is useful, and use this measure is the final standard. you one You are a government issued document, the final subject of great truths is subject to Marx, Marx says you have to promote human development, you do not promote human development is contrary to your Marx, full privatization such reform is a failure. So This view I see it arise out of, and I use this title in the Marxist journal published research article, reform, due to neoliberal privatization, regulation of non-market point of view and full impact of deviation from the orbit of Marxism, such a reform worthy of reflection, to be corrected. Recently the central government to the people-oriented, concerned about the vulnerable groups, attention people's livelihood, and so are mistakes to correct this, because the original does not care about the sufferings of the people, the government doing? investment, investment what the future? enclosure engage in development zones, the argument over foreign factories, and then create the GDP, with GDP After doing? a performance, a good promotion. I saw some places hit a slogan called even for investment for such a situation there, citing the number of foreign investors over how much to raise a deputy chief, citing the number of how many foreign investors to put a positive chief, the Director raised the number of how many million, all linked with the investment, they said Deng Xiaoping told you, development is the last word, development rely on? rely on investment, so now it all comes down to them and said investment is the top priority. more bizarre is the local government in Xinyang, Henan County, the story board in the newspaper articles However, their local government officials, will be a number of provisions, set out what the regulations? of foreign and private owners, foreign investors engaged in such unfair in their area of activities, the so-called entertainment, prostitution, gambling, the local government for these things green light, allowed the public security investigation., Monday to Friday these foreign investors also called security at any of the public security departments, local management departments are not allowed to , who was dismissed. Do you think this okay? Why? because they have money, leading to publicly say that we are friends with the boss, with rich friends, good friends with the rich, they have money to help us economic development. This is the official sugar daddy, this phenomenon indicates a problem.
I'm talking about the third question, I propose to criticize the current capital fetishism.
see this phenomenon, I wrote a papers published in criticized in the Capital three fetishism, the first criticism of commodity fetishism; second criticism is that money fetishism, the third criticism of the fetishism of capital, capital fetishism is the most powerful. However, in the process of China's reform and opening up our , the fetishism prevalent, what is fetishism it? students, perhaps you grew up in the countryside to the city, and ye Murakami has a temple, there are Buddha, the elderly, grandfather, grandmother would go to burn incense and kowtow, various What Buddha, Buddha Buddha, Bodhisattva, Earth Store Bodhisattva kowtow, burn incense, worship, worship, seeking a sign, calculate, find a good luck, if you encounter a difficult call his misfortunes, this is fetishism. This has a lot to teach Buddhism, Catholicism in foreign countries, China still has some other religion, is called religion. but in fact this is how the Buddha came from? is a human hand and squeeze it up the mud, mud handle people get together, get hold of the Buddha put it, in fact, not that thing, worship, and then let it decide your fate. Marx things with fetishism is the image of the irrational capitalist society metaphor. capitalist social capital come from? capital the working people's products into their hands to work, then the capital of what was originally the product of labor, production, and then under the capitalist relations of production it into the capital to become a Buddha, and then generate the worship of capital, so is an alienation of human nature. fetishism and the overall development of the theory are in conflict, is such a case.
Now I repeat that what Marx is a classic, he words of the comprehensive development of this the highest level of Marxism, this book if you are looking to go, because you learn to Marxism, I hope you do some research, you can check the that and natural transformations between the material and put it under the control of their common regard, and not as a blind force it to govern themselves; rely on the power consumption of the smallest in the most worthy and most suitable to their conditions of human nature down to this kind of material transformation. But anyway, this area is always a realm of necessity. In this realm of necessity the other side, as an end in itself, the development of human capacity, the true realm of freedom to begin. But this is only the realm of freedom built on the basis of the realm of necessity in order to prosper. the full and free development of the society. We must better physique, you look beautiful and strong, and then intelligence must be improved, our grandparents on the primary school, my generation on to university, my son, Ph.D., postdoctoral fellows, to more than the previous generation is also engaged in scientific invention, and their bodies still better than me, taller than I am high. I have followed the standard training Marxist two children, my two sons. a second child than I am, one of the sub-meter eighty , now at Harvard University for postdoctoral, soon to be out for three years, an assistant professor at a prestigious university, he is the study of information science, he was gay gene. There is also a son, Tsinghua University Postdoctoral, engage in power electronics, Yi Miqi he is taller than I was nine, the two children more than I, and intelligence are better than I am, this is really developed. This is me, the descendants of Li realized in accordance with Marx's view, developed, taller than I am, intelligent than me. I found a Marxist point of view. Therefore, our family as the title of honor. But on the other a standard, statistical standards, there is a material stresses, the height of the Japanese, the Japanese turned out to be dwarf species, we looked down on him, short of Japan, short of Japan, used to be short, but now statistics down Japanese young people's height, more than China's youth the same age a little more than two centimeters taller, and sometimes 2.5 cm, the Chinese people had very high, now short. Why? eat well, unreasonable, malnutrition .
I am talking about the working class, not wealthy children, and you calculate how much your daily living expenses for one day? doctoral only ten dollars a day, eat less, three hundred dollars a month doctoral scholarships, too low. how to make our young people to grow tall faster than Japan, a high point? go on like this does not work, I'm a graduate student at the Sun Yat-sen was 80 years at that time, I found a strange phenomenon, the Japanese students to visit, as well as American college students to visit, to the Sun Yat-sen Sun Yat-sen, I saw, one by one able-bodied, very air is very strong, tall too high. our Chinese students, Chinese students what happens, third class, fourth class, physical education students fainted, running faint, and why? Zhongshan of Guangdong, the morning what to eat? rice noodles, rice is a vat, a bowl full of water, what is nutrition? not like we are now of milk every day to eat. so tired, running fainted. so than to those of foreign capitalists, the so-called foreign, one by one suit, our professor of Zhongshan University, including professors, all hunched wearing a presbyopia mirror, wearing old clothes, sitting in front of a ratio, in contrast, I say China should not we so poor? This is not consistent with the comprehensive development. so to this day, we should be with the developed countries in the world than our young people to more than him, intellectual, physical living conditions there are more than they should, but unfortunately, this is not the case. difficulties many students, I saw some reports, some students just do not bite the day, that is, eat bread, get hold of pickles to eat, and some students live this way. This child can grow high ah? intelligence can do it ah? This is totally incompatible with the comprehensive development of Marx's view of people want. So how do our education? Education Minister or the executive who learn that they should take this view of Marx, how to make our young people and overall development of students, not that frequently pay, why not take money out of the State Office of Education? right? the state should intervene in the state is the original do not do this, do not do things. Like the local government to develop real estate is very enthusiastic, very vigorously to sell the house, do not vigorously education.
above these words of Marx, that is, the full development as human The success of the communist goal is human development, human capacity, improve the quality of people. In addition the second point, Marx stresses that must be eliminated to achieve compulsory labor, material exchange between the natural keep up to human nature in a very consistent under the conditions of material transformation. that there are a reference to the traditional teaching is that you said, not the case, Marx stresses the material transformation of man and nature, then this transformation to meet human nature, in line with human nature can take place. Now we are humans and nature is a reference to harmony, this formulation is shallow, and the natural the material transformation, to comply with human nature. Marx attached great importance to people attach great importance to human nature, and now you see online article written by a man, that only democratic socialism can save China, he advocated the idea the Social Democratic Party, he thinks we Marx advocates do not speak of human nature, do not speak of democracy. In fact, Marx was the most about human nature, Marx's point of view there say, capitalism is a kind of forced labor of labor, large machinery, industrial and division of labor between the human force in the permanent job range, and then make into a local machine, it will only dry thing. You see the pipeline of foreign workers will only dry one action, and no time on the toilet, people into machines, human labor is local become a slave to the machine. This is contrary to human development, contrary to Marx's view is that people are a fully developed person, is to reduce forced labor, to self-labor, free labor, to work as a happy thing the second is to shorten working hours so that workers have more leisure time, for rest, study, entertainment and the development of personality, to do something you enjoy, do all kinds of sports entertainment events, not now say unilaterally extend the working hours, but in real life phenomena, in line with Marx's view? our reform should be done on the right.
Once I returned from Shanghai, Wuxi, Suzhou, sitting next to me in the way of wage sister, Henan, and pale, like a sick way, the young girl, getting back to what the New Year. I asked her how much you get one month salary? five hundred to block, I say you how much work a day? 12 hours or 13 hours, do heavy work in the mill, people pale. now Suzhou model, evaluation of controversial, Suzhou, rapid development, GDP rose faster, grow faster, in the country is now the strength of Suzhou. However Suzhou developed by building on what basis? I recently went to Kunshan, Kunshan, 50 local people, migrant workers are one million, add up to a half million, I am a graduate student doing a paper two years ago, she did Statistics and data analysis, to one conclusion: the spending power of residents of Suzhou and consumption levels below the national average. This conclusion may come out to my surprise, I said you did not count wrong? Li I do not count wrong. This is what Why? two reasons, one that is too many migrant workers, migrant workers, then they went into business to Suzhou, Suzhou is the private sector for many companies, foreign as much, he would drive down wages, he will not give very higher wages. because nature is just said capitalist pursuit of surplus value. Marx's is cost-plus M, M is the residual value, then the capitalists want is surplus value, he wants to increase the surplus value, which in the cost of his salary, to hold down costs, can not give you more money, understand? This is the capital the difference between Marxism and socialism, under socialism, our government has kept you more money, for the welfare of the people, companies give employees a raise, keep, and this is a goal. private enterprises, foreign-funded enterprises which pay is the cost to drive down wages, which is one reason, the second reason is that foreign investment in Suzhou is the highest in the country, thirty Suzhou Industrial Park, Singapore Industrial Park, Suzhou New District Industrial Park, etc., from the six square kilometers Kunshan Industrial Park to one hundred and forty square kilometers, large Yeah, mostly Taiwanese.
so foreign to what is meant to China? Why to China come from? mainly three things, one of China's cheap labor, the use of Chinese cheap labor, for the follow. another China rich in natural resources, raw materials, cheap, large market, why he had to set up factories. Chinese labor prices and the U.S. labor force is ten times the price difference, you understand? that is used in the United States a labor force in China can be ten, this is the capitalists desperately to set up factories in China, the reason, the secret here. capitalists so well? help our economic development? they are to exploit our labor force, they come after the looting of our resources, the occupation of our markets. Now you hear theorists say, we want to be the world's factory, processing plant, the world's factory, becoming the world's factory, manufacturing center, it seems very, very glorious, in fact, the mainstream economy have proposed the slogan is the slogan of China and its people wrong. I really clarify this to the United States, the world factory in the end how the story?
we went to Niagara Falls, you know? largest good-looking a place that is Niagara Falls, we go from Boston to him, to 8 hours of highway, I see both sides of the highway is very wide, is the eight-lane, full of tall trees, dense do not see to the back of what I have no factories to see the United States, did not see the factory, I said do not see the factory, the factory gone? all U.S. factories went into third-world ....