20th century, 70's, the Nixon Doctrine the United States emerged after a huge moment in Asia's strategic vacuum, India, Vietnam are trying to use this opportunity to maximize its geopolitical interests of .1972, India relied on the support of the Soviet Union dismembered Pakistan, ; Dongba insatiable in Vietnam after the reunification of the country, delusions continue to expand the the establishment of diplomatic relations, and thereafter followed by the United States to expand the Japanese market share in China. On the contrary, because China is facing during this period is mainly from the north is almost immediate safety pressure, so, Mao Zedong and it did not - the facts north and south at that time did not focus on the power - in the north while the heavy pressure on Sino-US strategic partnership has not been established in the case of the South to resolve the Taiwan issue, but a permanent member of the PRC or restore the position of the United Nations and then in the 20th century China Southern received 90 Hong Kong, Macao, North is the Soviet Union. Chinese security greatly reduced pressure.
worth studying here is forthcoming in the early 21's the meaning of the Nixon Doctrine in China.
comparison, this century there will be U.S. foreign policy and the 20th century, the Nixon Doctrine Nixon Doctrine than 70 years, China will provide more than sufficient space for the expansion of strategic interests. First of all, the last difference, and promote cost-century America there was the Nixon Doctrine the Middle East, China has not only caused by the Middle East is not currently a party, but also the international community to resolve the Middle East problem must rely on leverage; Secondly, and most important, China faces the 21st century and the 20th century, security pressures have significantly different 70. The new China was first established, the pressure came from China, eastern China Security western Pacific Ocean, the early 60s, Southwest China-India border instability, before the end of 60 to 70 years, the Chinese security transfer of pressure from south to north, the Soviet Union in the North China Xinjiang one hand, like a tiger. Now China north, south, and west sides of the safety pressure has been greatly eased, while the east by the battlefield, this upgrade has had some kind of restriction, only that, it solve the Taiwan issue to China is more relaxed conditions.
We must understand that Americans ; Taiwan, but to blackmail the Chinese government. is maintained as long as the Chinese Government to adhere to the . In order to gain more from the strategic interests of China, the United States ultimately can only Nixon, about to throw in mainland China and Taiwan, not Japan. This is because in the western Pacific from the United States, Japan is the most recent full oceanic sea power of life and to the country, while China is far away from the United States land and sea compatible countries.
Americans understand: Japan now also using the U.S. conflict with China, but China if Japan struck down again, then it must also be used with the current U.S. strategy of Japan as the Japanese and then down, then shot down the United States. Japan, the United States has used the western Pacific as the American scavenger divided by the collapse of the United States will face an unpleasant task: to protect their rights throughout China, and its rivals are far more difficult to deal with the Chinese people. In addition, the unknown consequences of this race is likely to destroy China from vacuum caused by the beginning of this greater than the existing threat of instability. Taiwan's historical opportunity. day to not take, under its anti-blame. We must learn the strategy of Mao Zedong and his comrades wisdom to seize this opportunity to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation to resolve the Road, the last of the United States usually have a huge ideological leap, as the United States bogged down in Vietnam, the Nixon Doctrine swamp as the occasion arise.
, of course, we have to anticipate the other end, that is, to postpone the arrival of the Nixon Doctrine the United States or not come. If you really case, then the subsequent result is that America's decline accelerated. The decline of the United Kingdom increased with the rise of the challenges facing the United States for the same reason, in the future if the United States over the decline of China's rise will increase the need for an independent deal with global crisis burden, especially in the East Sea due to a sudden weakening of the U.S. control over the face of diplomatic pressure.
VIII, Peiping way, way in Tibet, Hong Kong Experience and Implications
solving the Taiwan issue to achieve peaceful reunification, both the common aspiration of all Chinese people, but also the central government in the In Tibet, the peaceful settlement of the Tibet issue and the way the smooth implementation of Comrade Deng Xiaoping created a smooth return of Hong Kong, Hong Kong's experience, will provide us with useful ideas.
(a) of the ; Peking way After that, the rapid onslaught, cleared the outer solid entrenched in Peking Shahe, Changping, South Side, Miyun, Huairou. Datong, Langfang, Mentougou, Shijingshan, Wan Ping, Tai Hing, Fengtai and Nanyuan the Kuomintang troops, will be holed up in Peking Fu Zuoyi 200,000 troops surrounded. coupled with strong political offensive, January 15, 1949, stationed in Peiping Fu Zuoyi send Deng Baoshan, week out of town to the north peak of the PLA political commissar Pingjin front command and Ronghuan, Nie Commander to discuss the peaceful liberation of Peking, etc. the problem, said that his troops out of the city is willing to adapt .1 16 pending, Fu Zuoyi dinner in the Zhongnanhai dozen college professors in Peking, it was unanimously advocated the peaceful liberation of the afternoon of 22 February announced .1 peaceful liberation of Peking agreement, announced in Peking 31 .1 peaceful liberation of the morning, to carry out the task of the PLA garrison in Peking city defense into the city relieve .3 5 March, Mao Zedong, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh CPC Central Committee, the liberation of the way will be called Peking, . He said:
Liaoning-Shenyang, Huai-Hai, Pingjin after three campaigns, the main Nationalist forces has been eliminated. Kuomintang only remaining combat troops more than a million, located in Xinjiang to Taiwan within a vast area and long the front. in the future to solve this way more than a million Nationalist troops, no more than Tianjin, Peking, Suiyuan three.
He also explained the specific implications of this in three ways:
resolved by fighting the enemy such as to resolve the enemies of Tianjin, is still our attention and must first be prepared. People's Liberation Army of all the commanders and fighters, we must not relax our will to fight a little, any loose the will to fight the ideological ideas and underestimate the enemy, are wrong. in accordance with the Peking way is to increase the possibility to solve the problem, which is forcing the enemy to use peaceful means to quickly and thoroughly in accordance with a system adapted for the People's Liberation Army People's Liberation Army. use this method to solve the problem, for the counter-revolutionary relics promptly remove and eliminate the rapid counter-revolutionary political influence, compared with a method of warfare is to solve the problem worse. But, this method is the main enemy to be eliminated in the future are bound to occur, is inevitable; but also in my Army benefit the people, that is, death and destruction can be avoided. Therefore, leaders should pay attention to the Field Army and the Society of such a struggle. It is a struggle, which is not bloody struggle, not without struggle to solve the problem. Suiyuan a way that is intended to preserve part of the Kuomintang army, it left intact, or largely fixed, that this part of the army to make temporary concessions, in order to facilitate this part of the armed forces for political on our side, or remain neutral, so that we concentrate on the residual strength of the Kuomintang in the first resolve the main part, after a considerable time (for example, in a few months, six months or a year later), go to the system in accordance with People's Liberation Army adapted for this part of the People's Liberation Army troops. This is another kind of struggle. The struggle for the revolutionary heritage and way of counter-revolutionary political influence than the Peking way too many to keep some of the reserved time will be longer more. But this counter-revolution counter-revolutionary political influence remains and the final analysis, to be clear, this is no doubt.
Mao Zedong said, Poetry Beyond , Penghu are together, now all owned by Chiang Kai-tube, with the liberation to liberate the future, .
, of course, the collapse, he would not support that the Chinese nation and the contradictions of Western hostile countries as a priority, on the contrary, to resolve the Taiwan issue will have the class within the state - which has now been transformed into national unity and division - the conflict as a priority.
Well, today Taiwan is also has the 1959 shelling of Kinmen's characteristic? conclusion is pessimistic.
We know that Chiang Ching-kuo Lee Teng-hui pushed by the KMT after the podium, he remove the ; one China proposed to split China relations, pay and advocate Use .2007 July 24, Chen Shui-bian issued a on the right, if not win, only to die. , Taiwan announced its intention to fight to the death from the Chiang Kai-shek was determined to Long live ; Taiwan joining the United Nations can also be manufactured in Taiwan under a is not surprising. or Marx when he said: the dominant spiritual force. ; Taiwan independence false promises of power, brewing the end of 2007 conscious and consistent with public choice; today Taiwan's politics has been with the for the secession issue, the period from the Chiang Kai-shek was forced due to external pressures lead to temporary separation of the State, the evolution of the Taiwan authorities take the initiative to promote the secession issue. this conclusion can only be: Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek in 1959, China .
(b), Tibet, and its application in the background
way process and results of this change and the 20th century, 50 years caused by the Dalai clique and its We have successfully used from the 1950, occupation in Tibet. the drafting of local government of Tibet talks with ten conditions. of which the first one is the not only to cooperate sincerely with the central government, but also central Tibet unprovoked armed forces to block. This forced the Central had to consider a non-peaceful means to solve problems, October 6 to 24 Qamdo campaign launched to annihilate the Tibetan army more than 5700, a total of more than 20 senior officials of prisoners, then, the Tibetan army annihilated the main base.
military victory to the political situation in Tibet change a lot, love the motherland and the power of the upper Tibetans to be strengthened. Ngapoi Ngawang U.S. military officials and the Dalai Lama of Tibet such as the central letter, the request representatives to Beijing to negotiate with the Central People's Government. forced by external pressure, the pressure of military defeat in particular, where the Dalai Lama last May 23 the government signed in Beijing the Government and the Tibetan local government agreement on the peaceful liberation of Tibet, Subsequently, Military Area Command political commissar, Comrade Deng Xiaoping, during this period, and reluctant to give up power in 3,4 .1952, Tibet Lhasa against the The bead positions separatists, led by Lobsang Tashi, at the end of 1951 some people in Lhasa, to support the illegal demanded that the Tibetan The first commander of the military housing Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme. They stop the Tibetan local government and the upper class in Tibet who sell grain to attempt to take the food supply difficulties in the expulsion of the PLA. At the same time they are mobilized to Lhasa, the Tibetan army in preparation for armed reports were released, announced the ; Uprising Name Communist Party members, the remaining 46 were Tibetans. Even so, Dalai Lama's visit to India, fear of the central reform of Tibet, there is no return was intended. In order to reduce unnecessary anxiety Dalai Lama, in February 1957, Mao Zedong solemnly declared that the Supreme State Conference on the Central Tibetan seen as weak against the Tibetan separatist elements and more reckless, more rebellion instigated .1958 opportunity in 5,6 months, the Tibetan local government and the upper Shannan, and in March 10, 1959 tore open the ; Tibet independence ; independence to quell rebellion in Lhasa, March 24, .3 Military Control Commission was established in Lhasa March 28, Premier Zhou Enlai signed the State Council ordered the dissolution of local government of Tibet, there are serious crime of treason punishable by national law molecular .11 months, the insurgency subsided in the whole range of .1965 in possession of 1 September, the first People's Congress of Tibet Autonomous Region was held in Lhasa, announced the formal establishment of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Since then, the central government model of natural transfer Hong Kong is 50 years of experience ; Suiyuan way struggle as a guarantee of the fundamental guarantee for the issue of reunification, and the degree of national unity and national armed forces stationed in the depth of the line. Comparison of the Hong Kong issue resolved, a certain degree of turbulence, but with the Tibetan into the development of Tibet was basically stable orbit.
We know the process of the peaceful liberation of Tibet is full of non-peace, conflict, and political offensive to resolve these conflicts, it is based on the powerful presence of the armed forces and the national liberation of the fact that the basic .1949 on November 23, Mao Zedong put forward the January 2, Mao Zedong told the Southwest Bureau: Now the United Kingdom, India, Pakistan admit that we have, for the march into Tibet is good People's Liberation Army into Tibet to be signed based on the successful 1950 campaign Qamdo 10 years is the prerequisite for the victory. Qamdo Battle for the peaceful resolution of Tibet laid a basis for overall victory. and later to ensure the have sufficient troops to Tibet or Tibetan presence around the premise of the .1950 on June 9, at the Seventh CPC held the Third Plenary, Mao will be one of the important, he said: responsible for lessons learned in one step and categorically made and adhere to the ; a Garrison in Hong Kong must uphold, not concessions. in terms of - the political situation stable .10 22, Deng Xiaoping thought turn this experience to the Taiwan issue, said:
We insist on seeking a peaceful solution to the Taiwan issue, but has not given up the possibility of non-peaceful means , we can not make such promises. We must keep this in mind, our next generation to remember that. This is a strategic consideration.
Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping to solve the Tibet issue to solve the problem of the success of Hong Kong's experience shows that In the issue of national unity for the more adequate military means, the greater the chance of a peaceful solution; military use of the more in-depth, the more stable the process of national reunification. in the future to resolve the Taiwan issue, Remember that the next generation This allows a peace march into Tibet in the form of color, the liberation of Tibet work even more calmly, more flexible choice of means. This will help to achieve the maximum unity in the Tibetan people and to maximize the isolation of reactionaries, to achieve The purpose of national unity.
3. political priority, with a minimum of military means to achieve maximum political effect. Qamdo battle after the victory, the central government and local government of Tibet reached a One China delayed commitment to democratic reform in Tibet and down to an acceptable time. But all these commitments are based on sooner or later the implementation of democratic reforms and the adaptation of the Tibetan army policy must intensify the class struggle within Tibetan, and about to lose part of aristocratic privilege the interests of the public sooner or later their political banner. so to educate the masses when you can and contribute to the central government of attack minimum conditions to promote problem solving. Mao Zedong said: ethnic regions. We rely on two basic policies but, for the people to make themselves invincible. agreements and had to adapt the Tibetan army. for more. mature and prepare for the attack (ie the implementation of the Agreement). . . can not be implemented, and the third Five-Year Plan period also depends on the situation can decide. But if the counter-revolutionaries are not subject to foreign command must be passed through the consultation rebellious and war-torn Seventeen Point Agreement, the situation in Tibet, smash, and that it is possible to arouse the working people rise up and overthrow the feudal system, the establishment of the Tibetan people's democracy. what is wrong, but is a good thing, because there may finally solve the problem of war will be coming, a large-scale rebellion broke out in Tibet on the eve of issuing instructions:
few years later, such as three or four, five or six, or seven or eight years, the overall total to come to a decisive battle in order to completely solve the problem. Tibetan rulers original strength is weak, and now they have a strong people fighting the armed rebellion, this is our serious enemies. But this is not so bad, but is a good thing, because there may finally solve the problem of war . but (a) of the basic masses will have to win over a few years, isolated reactionaries; (b) the military exercise is very play. these two things should be in the military struggle with the rebels to be completed.
3 10 May, the Dalai clique tore open the March 22, to quell rebellion in Lhasa, 11 months, the insurgency subsided in the whole range of .1965 in Tibet in September, the Tibet Autonomous Region was officially established. At this point, be completely resolved before the issue of Tibet, which is with the central government over Tibet armed , in particular the withdrawal in 1956, thirty thousand troops out of central Tibet, the Tibetan army but fighting intensified. At this time, Mao Zedong is just the opposite of the power of timely that again and again until maturity and use of military force. when dealing with the contradictory nature of a single, not too many contradictions among the people involved, it is relatively easy to solve; military attack surface is relatively concentrated, time is not delayed, smaller surface vibration. eventually fail when forced to hostile elements have been gathered from the public to pick out all the strength and the
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